According to performance in a sentence, words are called PARTS OF SPEECH. These are the following:
- NOUN
- PRONOUN
- ADJECTIVE
- VERB
- ADVERB
- PREPOSITION
- CONJUNCTION
- INTERJECTION
NOUN
A word which expresses a name of living or non-living thing, place e.t.c, is called "Noun"
Eg. Shyam and Ram are chums.
Kind of Nouns: There are 5 kinds of nouns.
- Proper Nouns
- Common Nouns
- Material Nouns
- Collective Nouns
- Abstract Nouns
Proper Nouns:- It does not share with other
Eg: Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkatta, India, Gopi, e.t.c...
Common Noun:- It shares with others
Eg: Student, Cat, Computer e.t.c...
Material Noun:- It is name of substance
Eg: Wood, Copper, Plastic e.t.c...
Collective Noun:- It should be in singular number and it expresses more inner units
Eg: committee, staff, group, mob, troop, bunch, bundle, union e.t.c..
Abstractive Noun:- It is name of invisible thing.
Eg: air, ghost, spirit, god, power, electricity e.t.c...
PRONOUN
A word that is used instead of noun is called a "Pronoun".
Persons: The nouns and pronouns in subject place are divided into three persons.
Ist Person: Speaker
IInd Person: Listener
IIIrd Person: Talking about whom.
Person Table:
1st Person; I (singular); We (plural).
2nd Person; You(Singular); You (plural).
3rd Person; He, She, It. Any noun(Singular) Eg: Raju, table, cell. Note: You should remember this. 3rd Person Singular Number it is very important;
They, Noun (plural) Eg: (Table, cells) Nouns with and Eg: (Table and cell; Raju and Krishna)
Note: No persons to the nouns and pronouns in object place.
ADJECTIVE
A word which qualifies a noun or pronoun is called an "Adjective"
Eg: She is a clever girl.
The black speaker is Ahuja's.
It is a costly book.
VERB
The word "verb" is derived from a Latin word "VERBUM" which means "THE IMPORTANT WORD". So "verb" means 'the important word' because without verb we can't frame even single sentence.
KiINDS OF VERBS: There are two kinds of verbs
MAIN VERBS or PRINCIPAL VERBS
HELPING VERBS or AUXILIARY VERBS
MAIN VERB (or) PRINCIPAL VERBS : A word which expresses "being of subject", "possessing of subject" and action of subject is called a "main verb"
being of subject: The words to be used for expressing being of subject: Be forms. (Be forms are "is, am, are, was, were.")
Possessing of subject: The words to be used for expressing Possessing of subject: Have foms. (Have forms are "have, has, had",)
Action of subject: The words to be used for expressing action of subject: Action words (Action words are V1, V2,V3 & ing form)
HELPING VERBS (or) AUXILIARY VERBS: The words that help the main verbs in formation of sentences are called helping verb. These can be also called Auxiliary Verbs. There are 24 helping verbs.
List of Helping Verbs ( 24 helping verbs):
Be- is, am, are, was, were.
Have- have, has, had.
Do- do, does, did
Will- will, would.
Shall- shall, should.
Can- can, could.
May- may, might.
Must- must.
Need- need to
Dare- dare to
Used- used to
Ought- ought to
ADVERB
A word which qualifies an adjective, a verb and another adverb is called an "Adverb".
Eg: Shyam is a very good boy.
Eg: Saleem walks slowly.
Eg: Saritha is running so fast.
CONJUNCTION
A word which joins two or more words or sentences is called "Conjunction".
Conjunction:
Ramu and Gopi are friends.
He is poor but honest
As I have an urgent work I can not attend the work.
He studied well yet he failed
Work hard or you can not be developed.
KINDS OF CONJUNCTIONS: Conjunctions are divided into three kinds.
a. General Conjunctions
b. Sub-ordinate Conjunctions
c. Co-ordinate Conjunctions
Note: This topic is to be explained in the topic Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences.
PREPOSITION
A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to show in what relation the person or thing denoted by it stands in regard 't' something else.
Eg: Ramu is looking at me.
His house is beside my house.
He succeeded by dint of perseverance and sheer hard work.
KINDS OF PREPOSITIONS: Prepositions are divided into three kinds.
a. Simple Prepositions (at, by, for, from in, of, off, on, out, through, till, to up, with, e.t.c...)
b. Compound Prepositions (above, across, along, amidst, among, amongst, around before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, inside, outside, underneath, within, without, e.t.c..)
c. Phrase Prepositions: (according to, agreeably to, in accordance with, in place of, in spite of, with a view to, with regard to, in order to, in case of, in favour of, e.t.c..)
INTERJECTION
A word that expresses sudden feelings of joy or sorrow is called an "Interjection."
Eg:- Alas! He lost it.
Hurray! I won the lottery.
Yuk! He doesn't like the dish.
Mmm! They like sweets.
What a beautiful picture it is!
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